Australia is the only high-income country in which trachoma is still endemic. The disease is caused by repeat infection with ocular chlamydia, and can lead to blindness through corneal damage in the long-term. It occurs primarily in remote and very remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory (NT), South Australia (SA) and Western Australia (WA). Trachoma control activities are conducted in at-risk communities within twelve regions of these three jurisdictions. Australia is committed to the global goal of trachoma elimination by 2020 and, accordingly, the Australian Government has provided funding to jurisdictions in which trachoma is endemic, for surveillance and control activities, as well as supporting national surveillance activities. Australian control programs follow guidelines adapted from those established by the World Health Organization, that include health promotion, environmental improvement and community administration of azithromycin. Each year a surveillance report is compiled, based on information from at-risk communities on the screening and treatment for trachoma, and on trichiasis, the long-term complication of trachoma that leads to blindness. The most recent analysis, to the end of 2015 showed that of 225 communities considered in 2006 to be at risk of trachoma,94 can now be considered to be no longer so. Overall prevalence in regions endemic for trachoma has generally declined. However, some sub-regions continue to record prevalences above 5% in children, indicating that continuation and strengthening of control activities remains warranted.